Te Whāriki Tīwha i Tāpaea i mua i te Hāngā ā-tāwhai i ngā Āhua Ōtirā

Te Whananga o te Hāngā i te Tāwhai: Me pēhea te hāngā o te kiri tāwhai i te hāngā o ngā kiri tāwhai āhua

Ngā whakamātautau i te whānanga o te hāngā me ngā whakamātautau i te whakamātautau o te hāngā (ASTM C177/ISO 8302) tātai i ngā kiri tāwhai, ngā kiri tāwhai epoxy, me ngā kiri tāwhai anodized

Ko te kiri tāwhai i te hāngā he whananga pai rawa i te whakamārama i te hāngā—ko tana whānanga o te hāngā i te waenga o te 20 ki te 400 W/mK, he nui ake i te epoxy (0.2–0.5 W/mK) me te aluminium anodized (15–30 W/mK). I runga i ngā whakamātautau ASTM C177/ISO 8302, ko tana whakamātautau o te hāngā he nui ake i te 0.85, e whakamana ana i te whakamārama i te hāngā i te 40% ake i ngā kiri tāwhai i te wāhi. Ko tēnei whananga mai i ngā mātātoko kōhatu kua hanga kia whakamārama i te hāngā, kia whakakore ai ngā rākau hāngā i ngā kiri tāwhai maha.

Te tauira o te iti ake i te 1 mm: te whakamāmā i te hāngā o te rākau i te wāhi o te whakawhitinga, kāore he pakaru i te tūpono o te tāwhai

I te 0.20.8 mm noa iho te matotoru, ka tutuki i te kiriata whakairo wera te aukati wera o te mata i raro iho i te 0.01 cm2·K/Wa 90% whakaiti i nga waahanga rereke. Ahakoa tōna kōtaha tino kikī, ka mau tonu te hanganga o te hanganga i roto i te 1,000+ haora o te whakamātautau o te ASTM D4060. Ko tōna tono kotahi ka whakakore i ngā mōrearea delamination e hāngai ana ki ngā paninga pupuhi, paparanga rānei, i te wā e whakarite ana ngā tātai e whakarei ake ana i te graphene i te ātete pakaru ki te 300 °C.

Te Whakamahia o te pūngao: Te Whakaiti Nui i te pūngao o te tukanga mā te kiriata Whakapāho Whakapāho

Whakataurite i te pūngao whakatakotoranga: Pīnihi Whakapā-Whakaahua-Whakaahua-Whakaahua-Whakaahua (3.25.8 kWh/m2) vs. Whakapā-Whakaahua (2540 kWh/m2) me te Whakakarewa-Whakaahua-Whakaahua

Ko te kiri tāwhai i mua i te hōhā i te wāhi e whakamāherea ana he whakamāngō i te whakamāhi i te hiko: ko te whakamāhi i te rākau pūtāwhai e whakamāhi ana i te 3.2–5.8 kWh/m²—kua whakamātauria i ngā whakamātau i te whare pūtaiao. Ko tēnei he iti ake o te 75–90% i ngā whakamāhi i te hōhā (25–40 kWh/m²) me ngā pūnaha hāngā i te wai, ā, he iti ake hoki i ngā pūnaha hāngā i te wai e hiahiatia ana te whakamāhi i te wā roa. Ko te resulthanga ko ngā utu o te whakamāhi he iti ake, ko te whakamāhi i te hiko he iti ake, ā, kāore he whakamāngō i te kounga o te kiri.

Te whakakore i te whakamāhi i te hōhā: he whakamāngō i te wā o te 60% me ngā whakamāhi iti tonu o ngā VOC i tēnei i ngā epoxy i whakamāhi ai i te hau

Rerekē i ngā epoxy i whakamāhi ai i te hau, ko te kiri tāwhai i mua i te hōhā e whakamāhi ai i te hōhā i te wā kotahi—ka whakakorea ngā wā tāwhai i te wā roa. Ko tēnei he whakamāngō i ngā wā o te whakamāhi o te 60%, ā, he whakamāngō i te tauira o te whakamāhi i ngā mahi tāwhai. He mea matua, ko te whakamāhi he iti tonu i ngā taputapu hāngā o te ao (VOC), ka whakakorea ngā whakamāhi pāpāki, ngā whakamāhi pāpāki o te taiao, ā, he whakamāngō i te haumātua o ngā kaimahi.

Te whakamāhua o te whakamāhi: Te whakauru i te kiri tāwhai i mua i te hōhā ki te whakamāhi tāwhai o te rōrō

Kōpae kua whakamātauria i te hōhā whakamāngai i te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga o te whānanga......

Ngā whaihua o te Ture me ngā mahi: Te Kōpae Tāwhai Mātua i te Hāngā o te Whakamātautau hei Whakamātautau Māmā ki te Whakamātautau o te Chrome Tāwhai

Te whakamātau i te whakamātautau i te pānga o te wai (ASTM B117: 1,200+ haora) me te whakamātau katoa i ngā whakamātautau RoHS/REACH i ngā hāhātanga o te chrome tāwhai

Ko te kōpae tāwhai i te hōhi he kōpae tāwhai e whakamātau ana i te pānga o te wai—e whakamātau ana i te 1,200 haora i te whakamātautau i te wai mātā (ASTM B117), e whakamātau ana i ngā kōpae chrome tāwhai tūturu. He mea matua, he whakamātau kia kore ai te chromium hāngā, he mea e mōhiotia ana hei kaiwhakapāpā i ngā āki, he mea matua i ngā kōpae tāwhai tūturu e hiahiatia ana te whakamātau i ngā hāhātanga o te wai me ngā whakamātautau a te kāwanatanga. Ko te whakamātau katoa i ngā whakamātautau RoHS me REACH, kāore he wāhanga kua rāhuitia—e whakamātau ana i te whakamātautau i ngā pānga o te taiao, e whakamātau ana i ngā hāhātanga tāwhai kāore he tohu, me te whakamātau i ngā wāhi mahi e whakamātau ana i te haumātua. Ko tana whakamātau i ngā taumata o te ao, i te whakamātau i ngā taonga, i te whakamātau i ngā hāhātanga iti, e whakamātau ana i ngā whakamātautau o te ao pūtea, me te whakamātau i tēnei hei whakamātau kaha, hei whakamātau kia ora mo ngā whakamātautau o te pānga o te wai.

FAQ

He aha ngā whāinga matua o te kōpae tāwhai i te hōhi i tēnei wā i tēnei wā i ngā kōpae tāwhai tūturu?

Ko te kiri tāwhai i mua i te whakamāhi i te hōhā, he pai ake ngā pūngāwai o te hōhā me ngā pūngāwai o te whakawhitinga, he nui ngā whakamāinga i ngā rāngai hiko i te whakamāhi, he paku ngā wā whakamāhi, he iti ngā whakaputanga o ngā hauārangi o te VOC, me te whakamāmā i ngā tikanga taiao, i te wā anō i te whakamāmā i te tāwhai me te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te whakamāmā i te......

Me pēhea te whakamāhi i te kiri tāwhai i mua i te whakamāhi i te hōhā hei whakamāhi i te hiko pai ake?

Ko te whakamāhi i te rākau o te rākau, e whakamāhi ana i te 3.2–5.8 kWh/m² anō, he iti ake nui i ngā ara tāwhai. Ko te whakamāhi anō i te hōhā i te wā anō, he paku ngā wā me ngā hiko i te whakamāhi i te whakamāhi.

He aha ngā whai hua taiao o te kiri tāwhai i mua i te whakamāhi i te hōhā?

Ko ngā whakaputanga o ngā hauārangi o te VOC he iti tonu, kāore he chromium hiku, ā, he whakamāmā i ngā whakamātauranga o RoHS me REACH, nā reira he paku ngā whakamāinga i ngā whakamāinga taiao me ngā whakamāinga i te wāhi mahi.

Me pēhea te whakamāhi i te kiri tāwhai i mua i te whakamāhi i te hōhā mō ngā mahinga nui?

Ko te kiri e whai ana i ngā mahinga pūkenga o te rākau ki te rākau, e whakakaha ana i te whakamāhinga, ā, e whakaaetia ana te whakakaha tonu i te whakamāhinga, kāore he whakamāhinga anō i ngā ara mahi.